{"id":9069,"date":"2024-01-31T21:26:33","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T19:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/hornbostel-sachs-system\/"},"modified":"2024-07-05T21:12:19","modified_gmt":"2024-07-05T19:12:19","slug":"hornbostel-sachs-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/hornbostel-sachs-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Hornbostel-Sachs system"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9069\" class=\"elementor elementor-9069 elementor-5142\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bba0f elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"c2bba0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dfa38c\" data-id=\"5dfa38c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a1bfc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a1bfc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hornbostel-Sachs system<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e16ba6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7e16ba6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-132c737\" data-id=\"132c737\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ee46e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ee46e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/musiknerd-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8619\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/musiknerd-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/musiknerd-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/musiknerd-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/musiknerd-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/musiknerd.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec8834f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ec8834f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56c919e elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"56c919e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;far fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-regular&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-far-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm0 448c-110.5 0-200-89.5-200-200S145.5 56 256 56s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__56c919e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__56c919e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__56c919e\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e48475a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e48475a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeee302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eeee302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction to the Hornbostel-Sachs system<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1726543 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1726543\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>Hornbostel-Sachs classification system<\/strong> classifies <a title=\"Musical instruments\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/musical-instruments\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\n    <strong>musical instruments<\/strong><br \/>\n  <\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>. It was published in 1914 as &#8220;Systematik der Musikinstrumente. An experiment&#8221;. by <a title=\"Erich Moritz von Hornbostel\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikwissenschaftler\/erich-moritz-von-hornbostel\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\n    <strong>Erich Moritz von Hornbostel<\/strong><br \/>\n  <\/span><br \/>\n<\/a> (1877-1935) and <a title=\"Curt Sachs\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikwissenschaftler\/curt-sachs\/\"><br \/>\n  <b><br \/>\n    <u>Curt Sachs<\/u><br \/>\n  <\/b><br \/>\n<\/a> (1881-1959). Today it is the most widely used system for classifying musical instruments.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca537e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca537e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The authors based their system on that of Victor-Charles Mahillon, who worked as a conservator at the Brussels Museum of Conservation in the 19th century. In 1888, Mahillon divided instruments into four main groups according to the type of vibrating body: self-sounding instruments, membrane instruments, string instruments and wind instruments. However, Mahillon&#8217;s system was mainly based on the instruments commonly used in Europe. Hornbostel and Sachs extended the classification system so that all instruments from all cultures of the world could be classified. With the advent of electric musical instruments, Sachs added a fifth main group in 1940.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5c30ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5c30ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The reception of the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system in the English-speaking world was initially hesitant; a translation into English did not appear until 1961 under the title Classification of Musical Instruments. In the 1970s, the Hornbostel-Sachs nomenclature became an international standard and is still the most important classification system in instrumentology today.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b580f1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b580f1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Hornbostel-Sachs system is structured hierarchically. Each category is assigned a digit, which is increased by one digit with each level of detail, so that the number of digits increases with the level of detail. Below the main groups are the first subgroups, which are shown with a two-digit number, and then their subgroups with a three-digit number. For better readability, the figures are divided into groups of three by dots.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e04d84b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e04d84b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bcb6a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bcb6a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The main categories of the Hornbostel-Sachs system\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e290a43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e290a43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The classification divides the instruments into five main categories: Idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, aerophones and electrophones. Each category represents a group of instruments with similar methods of sound production.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8006896 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8006896\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec3e865 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec3e865\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">All categories of the Hornbostel-Sachs system\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d2a0ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d2a0ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><a title=\"Idiophones\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikinstrumente\/idiophone\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. idiophones<\/span><\/a><\/strong><br \/>1.1 Percussion idiophones<br \/>1.1.1 Immediately struck idiophones<br \/>1.1.2 Indirectly beaten idiophones<br \/>1.2 <a title=\"Zupfidiophone\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikinstrumente\/idiophone\/zupfidiophone\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\n    <strong>Zupfidiophone<\/strong><br \/>\n  <\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><br \/>1.2.1 In frame form<br \/>1.2.2 In board or comb form<br \/>1.3 Friction idiophones<br \/>1.3.1 Friction bars<br \/>1.3.2 Friction plates<br \/>1.3.3 Friction vessels<br \/>1.4 Wind idiophones<br \/>1.4.1 Blow bars<br \/>1.4.2 Blow plates<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"Membranophones\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikinstrumente\/membranophone\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. membranophones<\/span><\/a><\/strong><br \/>2.1 Beater drums<br \/>2.1.1 Immediately beaten drums<br \/>2.1.2 Rattle drums<br \/>2.2 Plucked drums<br \/>2.3 Rubbing drums<br \/>2.3.1 Rod friction drums<br \/>2.3.2 String friction reels<br \/>2.3.3 Hand friction drums<br \/>2.4 Mirliton drums (Mirlitons)<br \/>2.4.1 Free mirlitons<br \/>2.4.2 Tubular and vascular drums<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"Chordophones\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/musical-instruments\/stringed-instruments\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">3. chordophones<\/span><\/a><\/strong><br \/>3.1 Simple chordophones or zithers<br \/>3.1.1 Bar zithers<br \/>3.1.2 Tube zithers<br \/>3.1.3 Raft zithers<br \/>3.1.4 Board tithes<br \/>3.1.5 Shell zithers<br \/>3.1.6 Frame zithers<br \/>3.2 Compound chordophones<br \/>3.2.1 <a title=\"Lutes\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikinstrumente\/lauteninstrumente\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\n    <strong>Lutes<\/strong><br \/>\n  <\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><br \/>3.2.2 Harps<br \/>3.2.3 Harp sounds<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"Aerophone\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/musical-instruments\/aerophone\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">4. aerophone<\/span><\/a><\/strong><br \/>4.1 Free aerophones<br \/>4.1.1 Deflection aerophones<br \/>4.1.2 Interrupt aerophones<br \/>4.1.3 Explosivaerophones<br \/>4.2 (Actual) wind instruments<br \/>4.2.1 Cutting instruments or flutes<br \/>4.2.2 Shawms<br \/>4.2.3 <a title=\"Trumpet\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikinstrumente\/trompete\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\n    <strong>Trumpets<\/strong><br \/>\n  <\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"Electrophones\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikinstrumente\/elektrophon\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">5. electrophones<\/span><\/a><\/strong><br \/>5.1 Electroacoustic instruments<br \/>5.1.1 Electroacoustic idiophones<br \/>5.1.2 Electroacoustic membranophones<br \/>5.1.3 Electroacoustic chordophones<br \/>5.1.4 Electroacoustic aerophones<br \/>5.1.5 Converter<br \/>5.2 <a title=\"Electromechanical instruments\" href=\"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/musikinstrumente\/elektromechanisches-musikinstrument\/\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\n    <strong>Electromechanical instruments<\/strong><br \/>\n  <\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><br \/>5.2.1 Instruments with tone wheels<br \/>5.2.2 Photoelectric instruments<br \/>5.2.3 Recording and playback devices<br \/>5.2.4 Electromechanical samplers<br \/>5.2.5 Electromechanical filters<br \/>5.3 Analog instruments, modules and components<br \/>5.4 Digital instruments, modules and components<br \/>5.5 Hybrid analog\/digital configurations<br \/>5.6 Software<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37a8eb9\" data-id=\"37a8eb9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ac55b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9ac55b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-774f3db\" data-id=\"774f3db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-366057b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"366057b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">share<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-701afa6\" data-id=\"701afa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0d61bc elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--color-custom elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"a0d61bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256c0 123.78 90.69 226.38 209.25 245V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.28c-30.8 0-40.41 19.12-40.41 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V501C413.31 482.38 504 379.78 504 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_pinterest\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on pinterest\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-pinterest\" viewBox=\"0 0 496 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M496 256c0 137-111 248-248 248-25.6 0-50.2-3.9-73.4-11.1 10.1-16.5 25.2-43.5 30.8-65 3-11.6 15.4-59 15.4-59 8.1 15.4 31.7 28.5 56.8 28.5 74.8 0 128.7-68.8 128.7-154.3 0-81.9-66.9-143.2-152.9-143.2-107 0-163.9 71.8-163.9 150.1 0 36.4 19.4 81.7 50.3 96.1 4.7 2.2 7.2 1.2 8.3-3.3.8-3.4 5-20.3 6.9-28.1.6-2.5.3-4.7-1.7-7.1-10.1-12.5-18.3-35.3-18.3-56.6 0-54.7 41.4-107.6 112-107.6 60.9 0 103.6 41.5 103.6 100.9 0 67.1-33.9 113.6-78 113.6-24.3 0-42.6-20.1-36.7-44.8 7-29.5 20.5-61.3 20.5-82.6 0-19-10.2-34.9-31.4-34.9-24.9 0-44.9 25.7-44.9 60.2 0 22 7.4 36.8 7.4 36.8s-24.5 103.8-29 123.2c-5 21.4-3 51.6-.9 71.2C65.4 450.9 0 361.1 0 256 0 119 111 8 248 8s248 111 248 248z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_telegram\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on telegram\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-telegram\" viewBox=\"0 0 496 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M248 8C111 8 0 119 0 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S385 8 248 8zm121.8 169.9l-40.7 191.8c-3 13.6-11.1 16.9-22.4 10.5l-62-45.7-29.9 28.8c-3.3 3.3-6.1 6.1-12.5 6.1l4.4-63.1 114.9-103.8c5-4.4-1.1-6.9-7.7-2.5l-142 89.4-61.2-19.1c-13.3-4.2-13.6-13.3 2.8-19.7l239.1-92.2c11.1-4 20.8 2.7 17.2 19.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on whatsapp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-whatsapp\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M380.9 97.1C339 55.1 283.2 32 223.9 32c-122.4 0-222 99.6-222 222 0 39.1 10.2 77.3 29.6 111L0 480l117.7-30.9c32.4 17.7 68.9 27 106.1 27h.1c122.3 0 224.1-99.6 224.1-222 0-59.3-25.2-115-67.1-157zm-157 341.6c-33.2 0-65.7-8.9-94-25.7l-6.7-4-69.8 18.3L72 359.2l-4.4-7c-18.5-29.4-28.2-63.3-28.2-98.2 0-101.7 82.8-184.5 184.6-184.5 49.3 0 95.6 19.2 130.4 54.1 34.8 34.9 56.2 81.2 56.1 130.5 0 101.8-84.9 184.6-186.6 184.6zm101.2-138.2c-5.5-2.8-32.8-16.2-37.9-18-5.1-1.9-8.8-2.8-12.5 2.8-3.7 5.6-14.3 18-17.6 21.8-3.2 3.7-6.5 4.2-12 1.4-32.6-16.3-54-29.1-75.5-66-5.7-9.8 5.7-9.1 16.3-30.3 1.8-3.7.9-6.9-.5-9.7-1.4-2.8-12.5-30.1-17.1-41.2-4.5-10.8-9.1-9.3-12.5-9.5-3.2-.2-6.9-.2-10.6-.2-3.7 0-9.7 1.4-14.8 6.9-5.1 5.6-19.4 19-19.4 46.3 0 27.3 19.9 53.7 22.6 57.4 2.8 3.7 39.1 59.7 94.8 83.8 35.2 15.2 49 16.5 66.6 13.9 10.7-1.6 32.8-13.4 37.4-26.4 4.6-13 4.6-24.1 3.2-26.4-1.3-2.5-5-3.9-10.5-6.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on email\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-envelope\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55ef170 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"55ef170\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">other musical instruments<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of contents Introduction to the Hornbostel-Sachs system The Hornbostel-Sachs classification system classifies musical instruments . It was published in 1914 as &#8220;Systematik der Musikinstrumente. An experiment&#8221;. by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel (1877-1935) and Curt Sachs (1881-1959). Today it is the most widely used system for classifying musical instruments. The authors based their system on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8619,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9069","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9069"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9069\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/musiknerd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}